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1.
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The penal system of the colonies was modeled after the _____ system.
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a. [removed] German
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b. [removed] English
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c. [removed] French
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d. [removed] Scandinavian
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2.
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In colonial days, the _____ was assumed to be the primary source of youths’ problems.
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a. [removed] community
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b. [removed] school
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c. [removed] family
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d. [removed] peer group
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3.
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Differential association, containment, social control, and labeling theory are all examples of __________ theories.
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a. [removed] social process
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b. [removed] social structure
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c. [removed] psychoanalytic
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d. [removed] biosocial
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4.
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In their approach to conflict theory, Dahrendorf and Turk emphasize:
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a. [removed] class differences among people.
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b. [removed] cultural conflict among groups in society.
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c. [removed] the relationships between authorities and their subjects.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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5.
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Those who claim that no reason exists for separate theories to account for female and male delinquency are considered:
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a. [removed] feminists.
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b. [removed] learning theorists.
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c. [removed] neo-feminists.
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d. [removed] gender-neutral.
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6.
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Which of the following is/are (an) assumption(s) of the justice model?
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a. [removed] The discretion of juvenile justice practitioners should be limited.
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b. [removed] Juveniles should be given fixed sentences.
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c. [removed] More juveniles should be required to perform community service.
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d. [removed] All of the choices apply.
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7.
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The earliest juvenile facilities were based on which of the following models?
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a. [removed] Punishment and penitence model
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b. [removed] Isolation model
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c. [removed] Reintegration model
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d. [removed] Family model
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8.
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The liberal agenda of the 1960s and 1970s emphasized the:
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a. [removed] reduced use of training schools.
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b. [removed] diversion of minor offenders out of the system.
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c. [removed] support of traditional concepts in juvenile justice.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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9.
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The processing of juveniles by the juvenile justice system usually begins when:
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a. [removed] police refer a youth to the juvenile court.
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b. [removed] an intake official of the court decides to hold a youth in detention.
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c. [removed] a judge decides that a youth should be held and tried for a crime.
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d. [removed] none of the choices apply.
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10.
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The Classical School argues that:
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a. [removed] the characteristics of individuals should be taken into consideration with the punishments they should receive.
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b. [removed] the law, not individuals, is important in prosecuting offenses.
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c. [removed] people who break the law should be punished, not treated.
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d. [removed] both the law, not individuals, is important in prosecuting offenses and people who break the law should be punished, not treated.
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11.
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Which of the following is/are (a) major function(s) of the juvenile court?
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a. [removed] Monitoring status offenders in the community
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b. [removed] Obtaining confessions from juveniles
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c. [removed] Dealing with child neglect
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d. [removed] Both monitoring status offenders in the community and dealing with child neglect
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12.
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________ is the basic building block indispensable for the advancement of human knowledge.
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a. [removed] Research
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b. [removed] Path analysis
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c. [removed] Theory
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d. [removed] Common sense
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13.
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Psychopathic personalities may be the result of:
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a. [removed] poor and inadequate socializations by uncaring parents.
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b. [removed] a genetic pattern that predisposes children to antisocial behavior.
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c. [removed] a combination of defective upbringing and genetic abnormalities.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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14.
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The statement “Don’t do anything more than necessary for juvenile offenders” is from the _____ approach.
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a. [removed] retrenchment
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b. [removed] get tough
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c. [removed] least restrictive
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d. [removed] incapacitation
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15.
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Which of the following is/are (a) philosophical assumption(s) of the parens patriae model?
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a. [removed] The state must help children who live in unfortunate social conditions that can generate crime.
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b. [removed] The state should treat juveniles the same as the juveniles’ parents should treat them.
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c. [removed] The state must guarantee juveniles their due process rights before treating them.
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d. [removed] Both the state must help children who live in unfortunate social conditions that can generate crime and the state should treat juveniles the same as the juveniles’ parents should treat them.
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16.
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General Strain Theory argues that:
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a. [removed] as females become more “masculine,” they become more delinquent.
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b. [removed] females are less involved in delinquency than males because females are socialized to have more social bonds than males.
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c. [removed] males have higher rates of delinquency than females because males are more likely to associate with delinquent peers.
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d. [removed] males are under greater pressure than females to succeed in attaining social goals of “getting ahead” than females.
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17.
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Elliott and colleagues contend in their Integrated Social Process Theory that:
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a. [removed] youths who live in socially disorganized areas tend to develop weak bonds with conventional groups.
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b. [removed] youths experiencing an inability to “make it” seek out delinquent peer groups.
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c. [removed] youths receive positive reinforcements from delinquent peer groups.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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18.
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Rational choice theory in criminology today:
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a. [removed] is moving toward a very strict reasoning and rational model of criminal behavior.
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b. [removed] is moving away from a strictly rational reasoning model for rational thought.
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c. [removed] applies more to juveniles than adults.
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d. [removed] both is moving away from a strictly rational reasoning model for rational thought and applies more to juveniles than adults.
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19.
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Which of the following is/are unique to the adult criminal justice system?
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a. [removed] Open public access to all information is granted
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b. [removed] Rehabilitation is not a primary goal
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c. [removed] Aftercare is a function that combines surveillance and reintegration activities
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d. [removed] Both open public access to all information is granted and rehabilitation is not a primary goal
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20.
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According to the Classical School punishments should be:
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a. [removed] announced before being implemented.
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b. [removed] proportionate to the offense.
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c. [removed] directed at individuals, not the actions.
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d. [removed] both announced before being implemented and proportionate to the offense.
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